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Mineral
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There are two basic types of extraction: surface and sub-surface (deep), each relying on a variety of techniques.
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Benefits
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Minerals have been integral to human advancement since the Bronze Age.
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Since ancient civilisation, humans have applied mining techniques when mining rocks and minerals on Earth’s surface.
Environmental and Social
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Mineral exploration can impact on the environment. Its effect depends on the scale of exploration and what equipment is used in the exploration phase.
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Minerals are non–renewable natural resources that are vital for the construction, manufacturing and energy industries.